Heyman Lectures - Session 1, Part 1

Introduction What is the PAS Introduction to the PAS primitives

Session 1 - Part 1

• PAS brainchild of John Gittinger.
• Developed as a result of institutional need to evaluate people wherever they came from - whatever circumstances.
• Wanted to not be overly dependent on any one kind of information.
• A model of personality development that stands alone.
  • Model has personality structure.
  • When know where a person lives in PAS space, we know behavioral activities and predict.
  • Model tells observable behavior and the subtest of what produces it in terms of goals, motivations etc.
  • May know person is authoritarian - but need separate substantive information before we can know to what authoritarian structures they respond.
  • Often asked to make extrapolations from structure - but we cannot unless we have some substance to add.
  • example: loyalty. PAS can say will be loyal to own ideals. Loyal to those near them. Loyal to institutions. But PAS can't say exactly which ideal or people or institution.
• Can get into model using
  • Psychometrics
  • Observable behavior. Example of IA baby: correct responses to everyone with cool attachment. Accepting attention, not giving it. If response dependent upon environment - an Externalizer.(*)
  • Products of the person - letters, books. Directly observed (see them on TV) or indirectly observed (reading about).
  • Observable behavior can be 3rd party - what others say.
  • Historical material e.g. psycho-biography.
  • Psychometrics: MMPI, Strong, Holland, CAI - any.
  • Psychometric of choice: WAIS products. Every change has implications what you can read into test results in PAS terms.
• (*) Observable behavior -> IA -> (predict) she will frustrate boys in teen years who are seeking involvement but she does not give. Parents job is to preserve positive but teach about others' reciprocal needs.
• Universal model. We will talk about interaction of WAIS variables with PAS.

• See these charts which will be the ones being projected.
  "A slice of the PAS" all the dimensions but can't show all the growth.
• What happens as individual goes from primitive to childhood to where we are now.
• Initially 3 dimensions (may hear talk of 4th). So that is our focus today.
• Later we will deal with extensions like 4th dimension and with dynamics like interactions and things like the responsibility cluster or reference group model. These later don't change PAS structural concept but make it more meaningful.
  • I/E dimension
    • I/E dimension across top of chart. This is how we receive information - information input.
    • Does individual get information internally or external sources. E is externally dependent. I is self sufficient.
    • E Person "locked in" (no growth) will have difficulty making up his own mind. Dependent on others for guidance and direction. At extreme will take guidance and direction where he can get it and from wherever he most recently received it.
    • I resistance to flow of information from outside.
  • R/F dimension
    • Deals with feelings and emotions and factors having to do with organization.
    • Dimensions are independent (orthogonal) - although a person does integrate them.
    • R is characteristically ritualistic and organized. Learns by rote.
    • F is flexible - trial and error in learning approach.
    • Prototype: R must learn before understanding. F has to understand what he is trying to learn it before learning it.
    • (Note: we can add dangerous factor - introspection - dangerous because it can mislead - respond to built in barriers. e.g. Rc will feel so much like an F, if introspective he will insist he is an F).
    • Example: Mike F, not Rc - cannot set digital watch. Son (Ec Fuc+) said just "do it". So "just do it" means "stop being an F and be an R".
  • A/U dimension
    • Social interpersonal dimension.
    • A - inherently responsive in appropriate way to what social environment expects. Appropriate social response.
    • Appropriate means what immediate situation requires - not value terms. (Most of clinical population A - response appropriate in immediate situation, but not in societal terms).
    • A is Role Adaptive. Adapts behave according to what situation requires. Can walk into reception or cocktail party and go straight to guest of honor. Can "smell" social focus.
    • U is Role Uniform. Lacks quality of "social" picture.
    • Note: Watching people in social gathering is a source of information. A person who goes to everyone is likely to be A.
    • I may go into situation for just certain information, likely to be I; E may be overwhelmed by too many people.
    • Person who finally sees that there is some one he knows and sighs relief is a U.
    • A grows up with confidence in ability to deal with people.
    • U grows up lacking confidence ability to deal with people - and thus pushed into new social situations (unfamiliar) leaves him lacking confidence.
    • 60s campus turmoil: TV interview asked prof: "How do you feel?" He says, "I don't feel I have anything to say - I'm a physicist." U - only role is a physicist.
• So PAS is 3 dimensions that are orthogonal.
• PAS nomenclature: 8 possible characteristics: Now, past, where going
  IRA IRU IFA IFU ERA ERU EFA EFU
• Can talk about from where he came, where he is, or where he is going.
• Can also talk about groups manifesting these characteristics, or behavior or intellectual requirements in these terms.
• e.g. IRA - political personality in sense that IRA qualities of self-motivation, organization, procedural activity and social effectiveness.
• e.g. IRU - characterized by professor: self-motivated and procedurally competent and organized but socially aloof. "Technical personality"
• Chart: First dimension all high (Icc)
  All on R side: Ruc
  All social scores on U side: Uuu
  Effective in technical role: accountant, physics prof.
• Chart opposite: All low in I/E, all F, and all A side.
  Euu Fuu Auu - No intellectual skills, feeling/sensual, socially could get away with murder (case is a criminal psychopath).
  Both could have identical WAIS IQs
• We just saw two unusual examples. Individuals who remain largely in the primitive mode. First one (Icc) learns mental discipline. Says "remains on I side" - in sense of intellectual discipline, not internalizing. R - matured, but still R.
• Second case - gets "kicks" from emotional sensing. Can walk in a bar and walk out with any lady. Has learned to exploit social skills and doesn't care - manipulates people (Auu).
• Chart: Criminal psychopath above.
  Serial rapist
  Candidate for a rehab program (recommended against)
• Seen IRU in full blown and EFA in full blown.
• EFA: outgoing, theatrical and socially effective and active.
  IFA: artistic, self-centered, sensitive, socially active
  IFU; Contemplative, self-centered, sensitive, aloof. More likely to go to a mountain or a roof to introspect.
  IRU: Holes up in library and complains when it closes at night.